2025

DUBAI/ISLAMABAD, Sept 17 (Reuters) — Saudi Arabia and nuclear-capable Pakistan have formalized a mutual defense agreement. This pact substantially enhances their decades-long security partnership amidst rising regional tensions. Regional Security Dynamics Shift Gulf Arab nations are growing skeptical of the United States as their traditional security provider. This skepticism intensified following an Israeli assault on Qatar. A senior Saudi official revealed that the Pakistan-Saudi defense pact results from years of diplomatic groundwork, marking an institutionalization of their longstanding cooperation. Israeli airstrikes in Doha targeting Hamas leaders have provoked outrage among Arab nations, occurring during crucial ceasefire discussions. Strategic Implications for Pakistan and Regional Powers The mutual defense agreement could reshape strategic dynamics in the region. Gulf monarchies, traditionally allied with Washington, now seek stable relations with Iran and Israel. However, the Gaza conflict has disrupted these efforts. Qatar, a Gulf state, faced attacks twice in a year, once from Iran and once from Israel. India-Pakistan Tensions and Regional Balance The Saudi agreement was signed months after Pakistan’s brief military confrontation with India in May. Randhir Jaiswal, spokesman for India’s Ministry of External Affairs, acknowledged the deal, stating that New Delhi would assess its implications for regional stability. A senior Saudi official, preferring anonymity, emphasized balancing relations with Pakistan’s rival, India. They stated, “Our relationship with India is more robust than ever,” signaling efforts to contribute to regional peace. Comprehensive Defense Cooperation Framework When asked about extending a nuclear umbrella to Saudi Arabia, the official indicated that it is a comprehensive defense agreement encompassing all military capabilities. Pakistan state television aired footage showing Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif and Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman embracing after the signing ceremony. Pakistan’s army chief, Field Marshal Asim Munir, was also present, underscoring his influence. Key Terms of the Agreement The agreement demonstrates a shared commitment to enhancing security and achieving peace both regionally and globally, according to a statement from the Pakistani Prime Minister’s office. Key goals include developing defense cooperation, strengthening joint deterrence, and protecting against aggression.

Joint Declaration Against Israel Muslim and Arab leaders gathered in Doha to call for a reevaluation of their ties with Israel following a deadly attack in Qatar that resulted in six casualties. The Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) and the Arab League (AL) organized the summit, advocating for strong measures against Israel. Review of diplomatic and economic relations with Israel Pursuit of legal actions over actions against Palestinians Accountability under international law Participation of Key Regional Nations The summit included key Gulf neighbors such as the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, and Morocco. These countries have previously recognized Israel. The UAE, Bahrain, and Morocco, signatories of the Abraham Accords five years ago, sent senior delegates. Calls for Stronger International Actions The summit aimed to increase international pressure on Israel to end the Gaza conflict and to address humanitarian issues. Member states called for Israel’s suspension from the United Nations and emphasized coordinated efforts within Muslim and Arab societies. Qatar’s Emir Accuses Israel of Obstructing Peace Qatar’s Emir, Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, accused Israel of obstructing peace initiatives. He claimed that Israel targeted Hamas negotiators to sabotage ceasefire talks, gaining strong support from summit participants. Attendance of High-Profile Regional Leaders The summit was attended by prominent figures, including: Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif Palestinian President Mahmud Abbas Pakistan’s Role in Regional Diplomacy Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif stressed Pakistan’s commitment to the Palestinian cause and advocated for united action among the Muslim community. Strong Warnings from Regional Leaders Iran’s President Pezeshkian warned that without unity, no Arab or Islamic capital is safe. “Tomorrow, it could be any Arab or Islamic city. The choice is clear—we must unite,” he declared. Turkey’s President Erdogan criticized Israel for its “terrorist mentality,” pointing out the growing frustration over ongoing conflicts. Egypt’s Warning on Peace Deal Threats Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi cautioned that Israel’s attack in Qatar could threaten future peace negotiations.