2025

DUBAI/ISLAMABAD, Sept 17 (Reuters) — Saudi Arabia and nuclear-capable Pakistan have formalized a mutual defense agreement, significantly enhancing their decades-long security partnership amid rising regional tensions. Shift in Regional Security Dynamics Gulf Arab nations are increasingly skeptical of the United States as their traditional security provider, especially after an Israeli assault on Qatar. A senior Saudi official revealed that the Pakistan-Saudi defense pact is the result of years of diplomatic efforts, marking a formalization of their longstanding cooperation. Israeli airstrikes in Doha targeting Hamas leaders have outraged Arab nations, occurring during crucial ceasefire discussions. Strategic Implications for Regional Powers The mutual defense pact could reshape strategic dynamics in the region. Gulf monarchies, traditionally allied with Washington, now seek stable relations with Iran and Israel. However, the ongoing Gaza conflict has disrupted these efforts. Qatar has experienced attacks twice in a year, once by Iran and later by Israel. India-Pakistan Tensions and Balance The Saudi agreement came months after a brief military confrontation between Pakistan and India in May. Randhir Jaiswal, India’s Ministry of External Affairs spokesman, acknowledged the deal, stating New Delhi would assess its implications for regional stability. A senior Saudi official emphasized the need to balance relations with India’s ongoing partnerships, asserting, “Our relationship with India is stronger than ever,” indicating efforts to maintain regional peace. Comprehensive Defense Cooperation Despite speculation about a nuclear umbrella for Saudi Arabia, officials confirmed it is a comprehensive defense agreement involving all military capabilities. Footage aired by Pakistan state television showed Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif and Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman embracing after the signing ceremony. Pakistan’s army chief, Field Marshal Asim Munir, was also present, highlighting his significant role. Agreement’s Key Terms The agreement demonstrates a shared commitment to enhancing security and achieving peace both regionally and globally, according to the Pakistani Prime Minister’s office. Key goals are to develop defense cooperation, strengthen joint deterrence, and protect against aggression.

Joint Declaration Against Israel Muslim and Arab leaders convened in Doha, urging a reevaluation of their ties with Israel after a deadly attack in Qatar resulting in six casualties. The Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) and the Arab League (AL) organized the summit, promoting strong measures against Israel. Review of diplomatic and economic relations with Israel Pursuit of legal actions over actions against Palestinians Accountability under international law Participation of Key Regional Nations The summit attracted key Gulf nations including the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, and Morocco. These countries have previously recognized Israel. The UAE, Bahrain, and Morocco, signatories of the Abraham Accords five years ago, were represented by senior delegates. Calls for Stronger International Actions The summit focused on raising international pressure on Israel to cease the Gaza conflict and address humanitarian concerns. Member states advocated for Israel’s suspension from the United Nations, highlighting coordinated measures within Muslim and Arab societies. Qatar’s Emir Accuses Israel of Obstructing Peace Qatar’s Emir, Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, accused Israel of disrupting peace efforts. He alleged that Israel targeted Hamas negotiators to undermine ceasefire talks, drawing strong support from summit participants. Attendance of High-Profile Regional Leaders Notable attendees included: Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif Palestinian President Mahmud Abbas Pakistan’s Role in Regional Diplomacy Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif reaffirmed Pakistan’s commitment to the Palestinian cause and called for collective action among Muslims. Strong Warnings from Regional Leaders Iran’s President Pezeshkian stressed that without unity, no Arab or Islamic capital is secure. “Tomorrow, it could be any Arab or Islamic city. The choice is clear—we must unite,” he stated. Turkey’s President Erdogan criticized Israel’s “terrorist mentality,” noting the increasing frustration over ongoing conflicts. Egypt’s Warning on Peace Deal Threats Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi warned that Israel’s attack in Qatar might endanger future peace negotiations.