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Business – NEN Agency

Welcome to the Business section of NEN Agency, where we decode Pakistan’s economy, spotlight entrepreneurs, and track global market trends. From corporate boardrooms to small-town startups, our coverage connects you to the decisions, deals, and developments shaping financial life in Pakistan and beyond.

Inside This Category

  • Pakistan Economy: Government policies, taxation, inflation, trade, and growth indicators.

  • Startups & SMEs: Success stories of Pakistani entrepreneurs and innovative ventures.

  • Stock Market & Finance: Updates on PSX, forex, banking, and financial literacy.

  • Global Business: Trends from international markets, MNC activities, and economic events.

Why Our Business Coverage Stands Out
We don’t just report the numbers — we explain what they mean for you. Our team digs deeper into the “why” behind every headline, giving readers the context they need to make informed decisions.

QUEST Nawabshah Achieves Global Recognition in 2026 Sustainability Rankings
Business

QUEST Nawabshah Achieves Global Recognition in 2026 Sustainability Rankings

NAWABSHAH — Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology (QUEST), Nawabshah, has secured a prestigious spot in the 2026 Times Higher Education Sustainability Impact Rankings. This achievement highlights the university’s commitment to sustainable development and its growing prominence on the global academic platform. Recognition for Sustainability QUEST Nawabshah was recognized for its impactful contributions to sustainability, earning a noteworthy position in the 2026 Times Higher Education Sustainability Impact Rankings. These rankings assess global universities based on their social and economic impacts, aligned with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). QUEST has played a crucial role in embedding sustainability into its educational and operational frameworks. The Times Higher Education evaluates universities on criteria like research, stewardship, outreach, and teaching, contributing to the SDGs. QUEST’s ranking reflects its commitment to fostering an environment prioritizing sustainable practices and education. Vice Chancellor Dr. Saleem Raza Samo stated, “This recognition is a testament to our commitment to sustainability and our efforts to contribute positively to the global community.” Key impact areas include initiatives in sustainable energy, waste management, and community engagement. Historical Context Established in 1974, QUEST Nawabshah has a legacy of academic excellence and innovation. Over the years, it has evolved its programs and infrastructure to meet Pakistan’s educational needs. With a focus on engineering, science, and technology, QUEST leads in research and development. Introduced in 2019, the Times Higher Education Impact Rankings assess universities’ societal contributions beyond traditional metrics, focusing on their SDGs roles. Implications of Recognition Earning a top position in the 2026 Sustainability Impact Rankings has significant implications for QUEST and Pakistan’s higher education sector. QUEST enhances its prestige and boosts the global reputation of Pakistani universities. This recognition opens opportunities for international collaborations, funding, and attracting top-tier faculty and students, enhancing academic capabilities. For Pakistan, this achievement highlights the international recognition of its educational institutions’ contributions to global sustainability. Through research, innovation, and policy development, universities like QUEST can address local and global challenges, leading to advancements in renewable energy, environmental conservation, and sustainable urban development. These efforts benefit the nation’s economy and society. Emphasizing sustainability in education aligns with Pakistan’s national development goals, focusing on environmental protection and sustainable growth. By fostering a sustainable culture, universities prepare graduates to tackle pressing environmental and social issues globally. Key Takeaways QUEST Nawabshah achieved a significant position in the 2026 Times Higher Education Sustainability Impact Rankings. The rankings assess universities based on their contributions to the United Nations’ SDGs. This recognition enhances QUEST’s global reputation and elevates the standing of Pakistani universities. QUEST’s sustainability initiatives include efforts in energy, waste management, and community engagement. The university aims to align with national goals on sustainable development and environmental protection.

Pakistan May Purchase Iranian Oil Following Sanctions Lift, Says Minister
Business

Pakistan May Purchase Iranian Oil Following Sanctions Lift, Says Minister

ISLAMABAD — Federal Minister for National Food Security and Research, Rana Tanveer Hussain, announced that Pakistan is considering purchasing Iranian oil contingent on the lifting of international sanctions. Hussain highlighted that resolving current geopolitical tensions could strengthen Pakistan’s economic prospects. Consideration of Oil Purchases Minister Hussain emphasized that Pakistan is exploring the feasibility of importing oil from Iran. This decision is being evaluated amidst ongoing discussions about the advantages of accessing Iranian oil, which might present a more affordable energy option for Pakistan. He noted that addressing regional conflicts and removing sanctions could open new avenues for energy imports, positively influencing Pakistan’s economic outlook. Easing tensions could lead to more stable and diversified energy resources for the nation. The prospect of Iranian oil is attractive due to geographical proximity and potential cost reductions compared to other international sources. Sanctions and Historical Context Iran has faced severe international sanctions primarily led by the United States, which have significantly restricted its oil export capabilities. These sanctions, motivated by concerns over Iran’s nuclear program, have created substantial barriers to its oil exports, affecting potential trade with countries like Pakistan. Pakistan’s energy sector, which relies on both imported and domestic sources, faces challenges from rising demand, volatile global oil prices, and limited local production. To broaden its energy portfolio, Pakistan has been pursuing international partnerships and investments in renewable energy. Economic Implications of Potential Deal Securing Iranian oil could substantially impact both countries’ economies. For Pakistan, accessing Iranian oil might lower energy costs, alleviate economic pressures, and possibly reduce consumer prices. It could also enhance energy security by diversifying supply sources and reducing reliance on unstable markets. This move could strengthen Pakistan-Iran relations by fostering cooperation in trade and energy sectors. It positions Pakistan as a key player in regional energy dynamics, potentially reshaping geopolitical alliances and economic partnerships. Lifting sanctions and restarting oil exports to Pakistan could stabilize Iran’s economy and increase revenue. This move might help Iran reclaim a position in the global oil market, reinforcing its economic resilience. The development reflects a changing geopolitical landscape where countries aim to diversify energy alliances and decrease dependency on traditional Western markets.

Punjab Agriculture Department Advises Frequent Irrigation for Cotton Fields
Business

Punjab Agriculture Department Advises Frequent Irrigation for Cotton Fields

LAHORE — The Punjab Agriculture Department has released crucial guidelines for cotton farmers, advising them to irrigate their fields every three days. This strategy aims to combat extreme heat, boost crop productivity, and shield cotton fields from adverse weather conditions. Impact of Weather on Cotton Crops With rising temperatures threatening the yield and quality of cotton crops, the Department highlights the necessity of preserving soil moisture. Regular irrigation every three days can notably reduce the stress on crops caused by high temperatures. In addition to irrigation, the advisory stresses the importance of improved crop management practices. Farmers are urged to conduct timely weeding, apply pest control measures, and ensure sufficient nutrient supply for their plants. A department spokesperson stated, “Farmers should be vigilant and adhere to these practices to safeguard their crops and ensure a good harvest.” Spreading the Recommendations The advisory is disseminated through local agricultural offices and farmer associations to increase awareness among cotton growers. Furthermore, the department provides technical support and guidance to help farmers apply these recommendations effectively. The Role of Cotton in Pakistan’s Economy Cotton is a significant cash crop in Pakistan, particularly in the fertile Punjab region, renowned for its ideal climate for cotton cultivation. However, production faces challenges from climate change, water scarcity, and pest infestations. Historically, Pakistan ranks among the leading producers and exporters of cotton, significantly contributing to the textile industry and the national economy. Still, shifting weather patterns and inadequate irrigation infrastructure impede consistent production levels. The government and agricultural bodies have been actively addressing these issues by promoting modern farming techniques and developing resilient crop varieties. Economic and Social Implications The advisory by the Punjab Agriculture Department is vital for averting reduced yields and financial losses resulting from extreme weather conditions. Regular irrigation focuses on maintaining stable production levels and preventing crop failure. Economically, disruptions in cotton production affect the textile industry, which depends heavily on domestic cotton. This could lead to potential raw material shortages and impact exports and employment. A reliable cotton supply is essential for economic stability and growth. On a social level, the advisory supports the livelihoods of thousands involved in cotton farming and related industries. It enhances income security, promotes rural development, and aids in poverty alleviation. Overall, the advisory reflects the ongoing efforts to adapt to climate change and endorse sustainable agricultural practices. In the face of unpredictable weather patterns, such initiatives are critical for building resilience in the agricultural sector and ensuring food security.

Minister Bilal Azhar Kayani Leads Talks on Jhelum Seats in AJK Elections
Business

Minister Bilal Azhar Kayani Leads Talks on Jhelum Seats in AJK Elections

ISLAMABAD — Minister of State for Finance and Railways, Bilal Azhar Kayani, led a consultative meeting on Wednesday to strategize for the upcoming Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) elections. The focus was on the two crucial Jhelum-related seats. The meeting aimed to discuss the electoral approach for these key constituencies. Meeting Highlights In Islamabad, Minister Kayani convened with political advisors and election strategists. The aim was to analyze the electoral dynamics of the Jhelum-related seats. Discussions centered on the political landscape, voter demographics, and potential challenges impacting election outcomes. This gathering is part of ongoing efforts to fine-tune the party’s strategy for the region. Minister Kayani emphasized understanding local issues and voter concerns. “Our approach must be grounded in reality, addressing the needs and aspirations of the people,” he emphasized. The talks also included potential alliances with local political entities to bolster the party’s position. Strategic Significance The Jhelum-related seats are vital due to their strategic location and voter base, potentially affecting overall results in the AJK elections. The meeting stressed the necessity for targeted campaigning and effective communication strategies to engage voters successfully. Background on AJK Elections The AJK elections are a major political event with various parties competing for influence. Historically, these elections have been marked by fierce competition and strategic alliances. The Jhelum-related seats are particularly noteworthy for their potential to sway outcomes. Recent shifts show AJK voters prioritizing local issues over national narratives. Historically, tight races in these constituencies have seen parties invest significant resources to gain influence. The AJK electoral process, marked by unique rules, adds complexity to the strategic approaches of political parties. Implications of the Elections The meeting led by Minister Kayani highlights the strategic importance of the Jhelum-related seats in the larger context of the AJK elections. The election outcomes may reshape the political landscape in the region, affecting relations with Pakistan’s central government. Economically, these results could influence regional development priorities, including infrastructure projects and social welfare initiatives. Politically, the elections are indicative of public sentiment and can guide policy decisions across various levels of government. Minister Bilal Azhar Kayani leads a strategic meeting on Jhelum-related seats in AJK elections. Strategies focus on understanding voter concerns to refine the electoral approach. Jhelum-related seats hold strategic importance, potentially influencing election outcomes. AJK elections’ unique rules add complexity to strategies of political parties.

Mourners Honor Karbala Martyrs in Soyem Procession Across City
Business

Mourners Honor Karbala Martyrs in Soyem Procession Across City

ISLAMABAD — Thousands of mourners participated in the Soyem procession to honor Shuhada-e-Karbala, the martyrs of Karbala. This significant event remembered the 72 loyal companions and family members of Hazrat Imam Hussain (AS), taking place on the third day after the Day of Ashura. Details of the Procession The Soyem procession, a key religious event for Shia Muslims, attracted a large gathering. Participants convened early at designated locations and moved through the city’s central roads. Wearing black as a symbol of mourning, they recited elegies and nohas in tribute to the martyrs. Religious scholars and community leaders joined, delivering speeches on the historical and spiritual importance of the Battle of Karbala. Enhanced security measures were in place to ensure safety, with law enforcement and community volunteers efficiently managing traffic and the crowds. Significance of Karbala The Battle of Karbala, occurring on the 10th of Muharram in 680 AD, holds a crucial place in Islamic history. Hazrat Imam Hussain (AS), the grandson of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), stood against Yazid, the Umayyad caliph, fighting for his principles despite being outnumbered. He and his followers ultimately gave their lives in pursuit of justice. The Day of Ashura marks a peak in mourning, with the Soyem continuing the commemoration on its third day. It provides an opportunity for mourners to reflect on the lessons of Karbala and the lasting legacy of its martyrs. Religious and Economic Impact The Soyem procession holds profound religious and cultural significance for Shia Muslims worldwide, reinforcing the fight against oppression and the pursuit of justice. In Pakistan, it serves as a reminder of the importance of religious tolerance and harmony amid occasional sectarian tensions. Economically, the event boosts local businesses as vendors and service providers accommodate the large crowds. The government’s efforts in enhancing security showcase its dedication to ensuring citizen safety during religious events. Key Insights The Soyem procession honors Karbala martyrs, emphasizing sacrifice and justice. This religious event draws thousands of Shia Muslims, reflecting its cultural significance. Security measures were strengthened to ensure peaceful proceedings throughout the city. The procession highlights Pakistan’s need for religious tolerance and harmony. Local economies benefit from increased activity due to the procession-related gatherings.

Juggler and Pet Monkey Rest Amid Scorching Heat in Multan
Business

Juggler and Pet Monkey Rest Amid Scorching Heat in Multan

MULTAN — On June 28, 2026, a juggler and his pet monkey were seen taking a break outside a residential house in Multan, overwhelmed by the extreme summer heat. This highlights the challenges faced by street performers in Pakistan due to harsh weather for their livelihood. Current Situation Amidst the scorching heat, a juggler was found resting with his pet monkey under a tree’s shade in a residential area of Multan. Known for performing tricks and acts with his monkey, he appeared exhausted from the region’s soaring temperatures. Local residents frequently see him perform to earn a modest income from bystanders. The heatwave affecting Multan is part of a broader extreme weather pattern impacting South Asia. With temperatures routinely exceeding 40 degrees Celsius, outdoor workers face significant health risks. Similar to many workers, this juggler lacks adequate shelter or cooling facilities, complicating their efforts to manage the oppressive heat. Despite these challenges, eyewitnesses reported that the juggler and his monkey remained in good spirits. A local shopkeeper commented, “He often entertains here, and people enjoy it. But today, it was simply too hot.” This scenario underscores the vulnerability of informal workers in Pakistan, who must work in extreme conditions to support their families. Cultural and Economic Context Street performers, including jugglers and their animal companions, have greatly enriched Pakistan’s urban cultural scene, performing in public spaces, markets, and festivals. Operating within the informal economy, these performers lack formal employment contracts, health benefits, or social security. The current heatwave in Pakistan is not an isolated incident. The country faces increasingly severe weather due to climate change, aggravating challenges for outdoor workers such as street vendors, construction laborers, and performers. Though the government advises staying hydrated and minimizing sun exposure, economic pressures often override such guidance. Significance of Informal Sector The juggler’s situation in Multan reflects broader challenges faced by Pakistan’s informal workers. These individuals often lack the resources and support needed to protect themselves from environmental hazards. As climate change worsens these conditions, the frequency and intensity of heatwaves are expected to rise, escalating risks for vulnerable groups. Economically, the informal sector remains vital to Pakistan, sustaining millions of workers. However, the lack of formal recognition and support exposes these individuals to diverse risks, including health problems and financial instability. The story of the juggler emphasizes the urgent need for policies to address these vulnerabilities by ensuring basic protections and services. Socially, street performers add significantly to the cultural vibrancy in cities like Multan, providing joy and entertainment that nurture community spirit. However, without adequate support, these cultural contributors might abandon their professions, leading to a potential loss of cultural heritage. Essential Points A juggler and his pet monkey rested in Multan due to extreme heat. Temperatures in Multan have consistently exceeded 40 degrees Celsius, straining informal workers. Street performers lack formal employment benefits, increasing vulnerability during heatwaves. The informal sector is critical to Pakistan’s economy, despite lacking formal support. Climate change is intensifying extreme weather, posing increased risks.

Woman Vendor Offers Snacks on Handcart at Multan’s General Bus Stand Road
Business

Woman Vendor Offers Snacks on Handcart at Multan’s General Bus Stand Road

MULTAN — On General Bus Stand Road in Multan, a woman has set up a lively handcart offering snacks and refreshments. She aims to attract commuters and locals alike. Her venture highlights the entrepreneurial spirit prevalent among the city’s street vendors, who depend on such small-scale enterprises for their livelihood. Entrepreneurial Efforts The vendor, preferring to stay anonymous, has strategically positioned her cart in a busy area. She provides a variety of snacks like samosas, pakoras, and local drinks. Her handcart, adorned with bright signs and neatly arranged snacks, draws those looking for quick, affordable meals. Street food is a vital part of everyday life in Multan. Building a Customer Base Over several months, the vendor has built a loyal clientele. “I buy snacks for my children here every day after school,” said a regular customer. Her business not only supports her family but serves the community by providing affordable food choices. Street vending thrives in Pakistan’s cities, where many turn to this informal economy sector for livelihood. Her cart features a small canopy, crucial for coping with Multan’s harsh summer heat. Historical Context Street vending has deep roots in Pakistan, offering a way out of poverty for many. In cities like Multan, vendors are integral to the urban economy by supplying accessible goods and services. Despite their impact, street vendors face challenges like lack of formal recognition, legal hurdles, and occasional municipal harassment. General Bus Stand Road is a bustling hub for vendors, though operating there involves competition and navigating urban regulations. Economic and Social Impact Street vendors at the General Bus Stand play crucial roles for various reasons. Economically, they provide affordable snacks to a wide range of consumers, especially low-income individuals. As inflation and economic instabilities strain budgets, this service becomes essential. Socially, vendors add to urban culture, strengthening community ties and familiarity. In culturally rich Multan, they offer locals and visitors a taste of traditional Pakistani cuisine. Challenges and Opportunities A woman vendor in Multan attracts customers with her snack-filled handcart on General Bus Stand Road. Street vending is vital to Pakistan’s informal economy, offering affordable food choices. Vendors confront challenges like legal barriers and competition, notwithstanding their economic contributions. They add cultural and social value to urban areas such as Multan. Improved policies are needed to integrate vendors effectively into the urban economy.

Fruit Vendors Revive Business at Islamabad’s H-9 Bazaar After Fire
Business

Fruit Vendors Revive Business at Islamabad’s H-9 Bazaar After Fire

ISLAMABAD — In the heart of Pakistan’s capital, the H-9 weekly bazaar is animated again as fruit vendors resume their activities. Recently, a major fire had severely damaged this bustling market, destroying many stalls and halting operations. Fire and Immediate Aftermath The fire at the H-9 bazaar, a vital economic hub in Islamabad, left numerous shops in ruins. The blaze caused extensive damage to vendors’ property and inventory. Nevertheless, vendors showed incredible resilience, quickly returning to rebuild their businesses. One vendor ingeniously arranged a pyramid of mangoes, enticing customers with vibrant colors and fresh aromas. Alongside mangoes, peaches, bananas, and dates highlight the rich diversity of produce available. This commitment reflects the tenacity of the local business community. Market Background The H-9 bazaar is a cornerstone of Islamabad’s commercial scene, offering a wide array of goods from fresh produce to clothing and household items. Held weekly, it draws a varied crowd from across the city, known for its affordability and product variety. Fires in Pakistani markets often result from electrical faults or mishandling flammable materials. Although the government has pursued safety improvements, enforcement remains challenging. Significance of Recovery The rapid revival of the H-9 bazaar is crucial economically and socially. This market provides essential income for many families, and the fire’s disruption affected vendors and their supply chains. The vendors’ comeback is a testament to their resilience, critical to the local economy. Beyond economics, the bazaar is a cultural hub, fostering social interactions and cultural exchanges among Islamabad’s diverse residents. Resuming normal operations helps rebuild community spirit and normalcy. Call for Safety Enhancements This incident underscores the necessity for enhanced safety regulations and infrastructure in public markets. It highlights the need for government action to ensure these spaces’ safety and security, which are vital for both economic and social well-being. Key Takeaways Fruit vendors have resumed operations at Islamabad’s H-9 bazaar post-fire. The market plays a vital role as an economic hub, supporting numerous families. There is a pressing need for improved safety regulations in public markets. Vendors’ resilience is crucial for local economic and community recovery. Authorities are still investigating the fire’s cause. Source Attribution The details in this article are drawn from the Associated Press of Pakistan (APP). Continued updates regarding the fire’s cause and long-term measures are anticipated.

Major Fire Ravages H-9 Bazaar, Destroying Numerous Shops
Business

Major Fire Ravages H-9 Bazaar, Destroying Numerous Shops

ISLAMABAD — A major fire erupted at the H-9 Bazaar in Islamabad, destroying numerous commercial stalls and causing substantial losses for shop owners who rely on daily sales. This disaster has significantly impacted one of the busiest markets in the federal capital. Incident Details The fire at H-9 Bazaar broke out unexpectedly, engulfing many shops and stalls. Eyewitnesses and local authorities observed that the blaze spread rapidly due to the market’s densely packed structure and flammable materials. Firefighters struggled to control the fire, hindered by narrow alleyways and congested paths. Though the exact cause remains unconfirmed, initial investigations suggest an electrical short circuit may be responsible. Shop owners estimate damages in the millions of rupees. Long-standing vendors expressed despair over losing their livelihoods, with one noting, “Everything I had is gone.” Emergency services worked tirelessly to extinguish the flames, taking several hours to do so. Fortunately, there were no casualties, although the financial impact on the community is severe. Market Background H-9 Bazaar, a popular weekly market in Islamabad, attracts thousands seeking affordable clothing, electronics, and fresh produce. Its layout, characterized by tightly packed stalls and limited infrastructure, has raised safety concerns among experts. Previous minor fires never reached this disaster’s scale. Markets such as H-9 are vital economic hubs in Pakistan, providing employment and business opportunities to small traders and vendors. However, they often lack adequate safety measures, making them prone to incidents like this fire. Economic and Urban Implications This fire at H-9 Bazaar underscores the urgent need for improved safety regulations and infrastructure in Pakistani markets. The economic consequences are significant, disrupting countless vendors and their families’ livelihoods. For many, losing their stalls means losing their primary income source, leading to heightened financial insecurity. Moreover, this event highlights systemic issues in urban planning and market management across Pakistan. The lack of enforced safety standards and emergency preparedness plans increases risks for vendors and shoppers. Authorities must prioritize implementing safety measures to prevent similar tragedies. Internationally, such incidents can affect investor confidence and perceptions of Pakistan’s urban management capabilities. It is crucial for the government to address these concerns, ensuring market safety and sustainability. Key Takeaways A significant fire at H-9 Bazaar in Islamabad destroyed many shops, resulting in severe financial losses. The fire spread rapidly due to the market’s dense layout and flammable contents. No casualties were reported, but the economic impact on vendors is substantial. The incident highlights the need for improved safety measures and infrastructure in Pakistan’s markets. Authorities must enforce safety standards to prevent future incidents.

Elderly Man Braves Heat to Support Family with Donkey Cart Work
Business

Elderly Man Braves Heat to Support Family with Donkey Cart Work

LAHORE — An elderly man in Lahore braves the intense summer heat, transporting empty plastic bags on a donkey cart to support his family. This scene illustrates the hardships low-income workers face in Pakistan’s urban areas. Challenges of Manual Labor in Lahore Photographed on a scorching summer day, this elderly man represents the struggles of manual labor in bustling Lahore. Despite his age, he continues to work under the blazing sun, showcasing remarkable resilience and determination. As a member of Pakistan’s informal worker community, his identity remains undisclosed. He lacks social security benefits and operates under precarious conditions. His daily routine involves transporting recyclable materials, providing modest earnings crucial for supporting his children and fulfilling basic needs. With temperatures exceeding 40 degrees Celsius in Lahore, outdoor labor is daunting. His struggle highlights broader socio-economic challenges affecting millions, where limited employment opportunities force many into such extreme conditions. Backdrop of Pakistan’s Informal Sector Poverty and unemployment are significant issues in Pakistan, pushing many into informal labor. The Pakistan Bureau of Statistics notes that the informal sector makes up a substantial portion of the workforce, often characterized by low wages and job insecurity. Historically, informal workers have sought labor law recognition and protection. However, their integration into the formal economy is hampered by bureaucratic challenges and limited resources. Economic pressures and rising inflation intensify these difficulties, diminishing purchasing power and increasing living costs. Economic and Social Implications The story of this elderly man embodies the economic struggles faced by many Pakistanis. It highlights the urgent need for policies addressing the vulnerabilities of informal workers, frequently excluded from social safety nets. Enhancing their conditions and granting access to social services could drastically improve their lives. Economically, reliance on informal labor hinders Pakistan’s development. Despite their vital contribution, the lack of formal recognition restricts access to credit and financial services, limiting their economic mobility and growth potential. Community Resilience and Global Attention Socially, the tale emphasizes the significance of community support and resilience. Despite adversity, families persevere, driven by the necessity to provide for their loved ones. This resilience attests to the enduring strength and determination of Pakistan’s working class. Internationally, the plight of informal workers in Pakistan draws attention to labor rights and the importance of inclusive economic policies. As countries recover from the economic impacts of COVID-19, ensuring equitable support for all workers becomes imperative. Key Takeaways An elderly man in Lahore laboriously collects and sells recyclables in extreme heat to support his family. Pakistan’s informal labor sector is extensive but often deprived of social security and legal protections. High temperatures and economic pressures exacerbate the difficulties faced by informal workers. Addressing the needs of informal workers is crucial for Pakistan’s economic growth and stability.

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