Author name: NEN News

KARACHI — The National Inter-Departmental Netball Championship, organized by the Pakistan Netball Federation, is scheduled to commence on August 1 at the Pakistan Sports Board (PSB) Coaching Centre in Karachi. The championship will feature competitive matches among six men’s and six women’s teams representing various departments. What Happened The announcement of the National Inter-Departmental Netball Championship was made by Sameen Malik, President of the Pakistan Netball Federation, who confirmed that the event would take place from August 1 to August 2. The championship will be hosted at the PSB Coaching Centre, a prominent venue for sporting events in Karachi. According to Malik, all necessary arrangements for the championship are being finalized by the Organizing Committee, with a crucial meeting scheduled for July 27 to ensure all preparations are in place. The championship will see participation from teams representing Pakistan Army, Pakistan WAPDA, Pakistan Navy, Pakistan Police, Pakistan Air Force, and Pakistan Railways. This diverse lineup promises a competitive and engaging tournament. The managers of the participating teams will convene on July 31 for a meeting where the draws for the championship will be announced. During this meeting, the rules and regulations governing the matches will be communicated to ensure a smooth and fair competition. The championship will conclude on August 2, with a prize distribution ceremony to honor the winning teams and standout players. Background Netball has been gaining popularity in Pakistan, with the Pakistan Netball Federation actively promoting the sport through various initiatives and events. The federation has been instrumental in organizing national and inter-departmental championships to foster talent and provide a platform for athletes to showcase their skills. Historically, the National Inter-Departmental Netball Championship has served as a vital event for identifying and nurturing talent within the country. It not only provides a competitive environment for players but also helps in building camaraderie and sportsmanship among different departments and institutions. Why It Matters The National Inter-Departmental Netball Championship holds significant importance for the development of netball in Pakistan. By bringing together teams from various departments, the event promotes healthy competition and encourages the exchange of skills and strategies among players. This championship serves as a stepping stone for athletes aiming to represent Pakistan at international levels. Economically, the championship can stimulate local businesses and vendors around the venue, as sporting events often attract spectators and participants from different regions. This influx can benefit local hospitality and service industries, contributing to the economic activity in Karachi. Socially, the championship fosters unity and cooperation among different sectors of society, as teams from various departments come together to compete. It also provides an opportunity for young athletes to gain exposure and experience, potentially inspiring the next generation of netball players in Pakistan. Politically, the successful organization of such events demonstrates the capability of sports federations in Pakistan to host national-level competitions, which could pave the way for future international events. It highlights the country’s commitment to promoting sports and nurturing talent at the grassroots level. Key Takeaways The National Inter-Departmental Netball Championship will take place from August 1 to August 2 in Karachi. Six men’s and six women’s teams from various departments will participate in the event. The championship is organized by the Pakistan Netball Federation and aims to promote netball in the country. Meetings on July 27 and July 31 will finalize arrangements and announce match draws. The event is expected to have positive economic, social, and political impacts on the local community and the sport’s development. Source Attribution This article is based on official statements and public communications from the Pakistan Netball Federation. Author: NEN Editorial Desk | Editor: NEN Newsroom | Fact Checked By: NEN Editorial Team Author: NEN Editorial Desk  |  Editor: NEN Newsroom  |  Last Updated: July 25, 2026  |  Source: NEN Reporter This article was produced by the NEN Editorial Desk in accordance with NEN Agency’s Editorial Policy and Fact-Checking Policy.

ISLAMABAD — The cities of Loudi in China’s Hunan Province and Gujrat in Pakistan’s Punjab have signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) to establish a sister-city relationship. This agreement aims to foster pragmatic cooperation and marks a new phase in the institutional ties between the two cities. What Happened The MoU was signed during a formal ceremony attended by representatives from both cities. The agreement outlines several areas of collaboration, including economic development, cultural exchanges, and educational partnerships. Officials from Loudi and Gujrat expressed optimism about the potential benefits of this partnership. According to the terms of the MoU, both cities will work together to enhance mutual understanding and friendship. They will promote exchanges in various fields such as business, culture, and education, with the goal of achieving shared development and prosperity. The sister-city relationship is expected to facilitate more direct communication and cooperation between local governments and businesses. “This MoU is a significant step towards strengthening our bilateral relations at the municipal level,” said a representative from Gujrat. “We look forward to exploring new opportunities for collaboration that will benefit our citizens and contribute to the economic growth of both cities.” Loudi’s officials echoed these sentiments, highlighting the importance of local-level partnerships in the broader context of China-Pakistan relations. “Our cities share many common interests, and this agreement will help us work together more closely to address shared challenges and seize opportunities,” a Loudi official remarked. Background The sister-city concept has been a popular mechanism for fostering international cooperation since the mid-20th century. It allows cities from different countries to establish formal relationships that promote cultural and economic exchanges. This practice is particularly prevalent between cities in China and Pakistan, reflecting the strong diplomatic ties between the two nations. China and Pakistan have a long-standing strategic partnership, often referred to as an “all-weather friendship.” This relationship has been bolstered by initiatives like the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), which has brought significant Chinese investment into Pakistan’s infrastructure and energy sectors. The new MoU between Loudi and Gujrat builds on this foundation, aiming to enhance people-to-people connections and local economic development. Such agreements are part of a broader trend of sub-national diplomacy that complements national-level interactions. Why It Matters The signing of this MoU is significant for several reasons. Economically, it opens new avenues for trade and investment between the two cities, potentially leading to job creation and increased economic activity. By facilitating direct communication and cooperation, the agreement can help local businesses access new markets and resources. Socially, the sister-city relationship promotes cultural understanding and exchange. This can lead to greater mutual respect and appreciation between the citizens of Loudi and Gujrat, fostering a sense of global citizenship and solidarity. Politically, the MoU strengthens the already robust ties between China and Pakistan. It underscores the importance of local-level diplomacy in reinforcing national relationships and demonstrates a commitment to deepening cooperation across multiple sectors. Internationally, this agreement highlights the growing trend of cities playing a more active role in global affairs. As urban areas become increasingly influential in the global economy, such partnerships can drive innovation and sustainable development. Key Takeaways Loudi and Gujrat have signed an MoU to establish a sister-city relationship. The agreement focuses on economic, cultural, and educational cooperation. This partnership is part of the broader China-Pakistan strategic relationship. The MoU aims to promote mutual understanding and shared development. Local-level diplomacy complements national and international relations. Source Attribution This article is based on official government statements, press releases, and public communications from relevant authorities. Author: NEN Editorial Desk | Editor: NEN Newsroom | Fact Checked By: NEN Editorial Team Author: NEN Editorial Desk  |  Editor: NEN Newsroom  |  Last Updated: July 25, 2026  |  Source: NEN Reporter This article was produced by the NEN Editorial Desk in accordance with NEN Agency’s Editorial Policy and Fact-Checking Policy.

ISLAMABAD — Federal Minister for Commerce Jam Kamal Khan has instructed the Pakistan Horticulture Development & Export Company (PHDEC) to expand its fruit bagging initiative and promote local manufacturing. The directive was issued during a review of PHDEC’s performance, aiming to enhance the country’s horticulture sector through value addition and modern processing technologies. What Happened In a recent meeting, Commerce Minister Jam Kamal Khan evaluated the activities of the Pakistan Horticulture Development & Export Company (PHDEC), focusing on its current strategies and future plans. The minister emphasized the need for accelerating value-addition processes and adopting modern processing technologies to boost the export potential of Pakistan’s horticulture sector. He directed the PHDEC to enhance its fruit bagging initiative, which is designed to improve the quality and shelf life of fruits, thereby increasing their marketability both domestically and internationally. The minister also underscored the importance of supporting local manufacturing industries to reduce dependency on imported materials. By fostering local production capabilities, the initiative aims to create jobs and stimulate economic growth within the country. “The expansion of the fruit bagging initiative, coupled with local manufacturing, will not only enhance the quality of our horticultural products but also contribute significantly to the economy,” he stated. The PHDEC has been tasked with implementing these directives by developing export-oriented interventions that align with international standards. This approach is expected to open up new markets for Pakistani fruits and vegetables, particularly in regions where there is a growing demand for high-quality produce. Background The Pakistan Horticulture Development & Export Company (PHDEC) was established to promote and develop the horticulture sector in Pakistan. Over the years, the organization has been involved in various initiatives aimed at improving the quality and competitiveness of Pakistani horticultural products in the global market. The fruit bagging initiative is one of the many strategies employed by PHDEC to enhance the value chain of horticultural products, ensuring they meet international quality standards. Historically, Pakistan’s horticulture sector has faced challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, lack of modern processing facilities, and limited access to international markets. These challenges have hindered the sector’s growth and its ability to compete globally. The government’s renewed focus on value addition and local manufacturing aims to address these issues and revitalize the sector. Why It Matters The expansion of the fruit bagging initiative and the emphasis on local manufacturing are significant for several reasons. Economically, these measures are expected to increase the export earnings from the horticulture sector, which is a vital component of Pakistan’s agricultural economy. By improving the quality and shelf life of fruits, the initiative will help Pakistani products gain a competitive edge in international markets, potentially leading to increased foreign exchange earnings. Socially, the push for local manufacturing is likely to create job opportunities in the manufacturing and agriculture sectors, thereby contributing to poverty alleviation and economic empowerment in rural areas. This is particularly important in a country where agriculture is a major source of employment and livelihood for a significant portion of the population. Politically, the success of these initiatives could enhance the government’s credibility in managing economic development and boosting export-led growth. It aligns with broader national strategies to diversify the economy and reduce reliance on a narrow range of export commodities. Key Takeaways Commerce Minister Jam Kamal Khan has directed the expansion of the fruit bagging initiative to enhance the horticulture sector. The initiative aims to improve the quality and marketability of Pakistani fruits through modern processing technologies. Local manufacturing is being promoted to reduce import dependency and stimulate economic growth. The PHDEC is tasked with developing export-oriented strategies to meet international standards. The initiatives are expected to boost export earnings, create jobs, and support rural development. Source Attribution This article is based on official government statements and public communications from relevant authorities. Author: NEN Editorial Desk | Editor: NEN Newsroom | Fact Checked By: NEN Editorial Team Author: NEN Editorial Desk  |  Editor: NEN Newsroom  |  Last Updated: July 25, 2026  |  Source: Press Release from Government of Pakistan This article was produced by the NEN Editorial Desk in accordance with NEN Agency’s Editorial Policy and Fact-Checking Policy.

ISLAMABAD — Special Assistant to the Prime Minister (SAPM) on Industries and Production Haroon Akhtar Khan has commended the proactive efforts of the private sector in fostering economic diplomacy. He expressed the government’s full support for the Islamabad Chamber of Commerce and Industry’s (ICCI) initiative to organize the Pakistan–Türkiye Business Opportunity Conference in Istanbul on August 13, 2026. What Happened Haroon Akhtar Khan, the Special Assistant to the Prime Minister on Industries and Production, lauded the private sector’s significant contributions to promoting economic diplomacy between Pakistan and Türkiye. During a recent statement, he highlighted the Islamabad Chamber of Commerce and Industry’s (ICCI) plan to hold the Pakistan–Türkiye Business Opportunity Conference in Istanbul as a pivotal event aimed at enhancing bilateral trade and investment opportunities. The conference, scheduled for August 13, 2026, is expected to bring together key stakeholders from both nations, including business leaders, investors, and policymakers. Khan emphasized that such initiatives are crucial for strengthening economic ties and opening new avenues for collaboration. “The government fully supports the ICCI’s efforts in organizing this conference, which is a testament to the private sector’s proactive role in economic diplomacy,” he stated. Khan further noted that the conference would serve as a platform for Pakistani and Turkish businesses to explore potential partnerships and investment opportunities. He expressed optimism that the event would lead to increased trade volumes and mutual economic growth. The SAPM reiterated the government’s commitment to facilitating private sector initiatives that contribute to the country’s economic development. Background Economic diplomacy has been a focal point of Pakistan’s foreign policy in recent years, with efforts to strengthen trade relations and attract foreign investment. The government has been actively engaging with various international partners to promote economic cooperation and enhance bilateral trade agreements. Türkiye, being a key regional player, has been a significant partner in this regard. The Islamabad Chamber of Commerce and Industry has been instrumental in organizing events and initiatives aimed at boosting economic ties with other countries. The upcoming Pakistan–Türkiye Business Opportunity Conference is part of a series of efforts to create a conducive environment for business and investment. The ICCI has previously organized similar events with other countries, yielding positive outcomes in terms of trade and investment flows. Why It Matters The emphasis on economic diplomacy reflects Pakistan’s strategic shift towards leveraging international partnerships for economic growth. By fostering closer ties with Türkiye, Pakistan aims to tap into new markets and diversify its trade portfolio. The conference in Istanbul is expected to attract significant attention from businesses and investors, potentially leading to increased foreign direct investment (FDI) and joint ventures. For the private sector, such initiatives offer a platform to showcase their capabilities and explore new business opportunities. The government’s support for these efforts underscores the importance of public-private partnerships in driving economic progress. As Pakistan seeks to improve its economic indicators and enhance its global standing, initiatives like the Pakistan–Türkiye Business Opportunity Conference play a crucial role in achieving these objectives. On a broader scale, strengthening economic ties with Türkiye aligns with Pakistan’s vision of regional connectivity and cooperation. By enhancing trade relations with key regional players, Pakistan can position itself as a hub for trade and investment in South Asia. This, in turn, can lead to job creation, technology transfer, and overall economic development. Key Takeaways SAPM Haroon Akhtar Khan endorses the private sector’s role in economic diplomacy. The Pakistan–Türkiye Business Opportunity Conference is scheduled for August 13, 2026, in Istanbul. The event aims to enhance bilateral trade and investment between Pakistan and Türkiye. The government supports initiatives that contribute to economic growth and development. Strengthening ties with Türkiye aligns with Pakistan’s regional connectivity goals. Source Attribution This article is based on official government statements, press releases, and public communications from relevant authorities. Author: NEN Editorial Desk | Editor: NEN Newsroom | Fact Checked By: NEN Editorial Team Author: NEN Editorial Desk  |  Editor: NEN Newsroom  |  Last Updated: July 25, 2026  |  Source: NEN Reporter This article was produced by the NEN Editorial Desk in accordance with NEN Agency’s Editorial Policy and Fact-Checking Policy.

LAHORE — A delegation from the Pakistan Mini Mazda Association (PMMA), led by Central President Tanveer Ahmed Jutt, met with Lahore Chamber of Commerce and Industry (LCCI) President Faheem ur Rehman Saigol on Friday to discuss challenges facing transporters across Pakistan. What Happened The meeting took place at the LCCI headquarters in Lahore, where the PMMA delegation highlighted several pressing issues affecting the transportation sector. The discussions focused on the rising operational costs that have been burdening transporters, including fuel price hikes, increased maintenance expenses, and the impact of government policies on their operations. Tanveer Ahmed Jutt expressed concerns over the financial strain on transporters due to these escalating costs. He emphasized the need for immediate policy interventions to alleviate the pressures faced by those in the transportation industry. “Transporters are struggling to maintain their businesses amidst these challenging economic conditions,” Jutt stated. LCCI President Faheem ur Rehman Saigol acknowledged the concerns raised by the PMMA delegation and assured them of the chamber’s support in addressing these issues. Saigol emphasized the importance of the transportation sector to the national economy, noting that any disruptions could have broader economic implications. The meeting also covered the impact of recent government policies, which the PMMA argues have not been favorable to transporters. The association urged the LCCI to advocate for more balanced policies that consider the operational realities of transport businesses. Background The transportation sector in Pakistan has been facing numerous challenges over the past few years. Rising fuel prices have significantly increased the cost of operations for transporters. Additionally, the depreciation of the Pakistani rupee has made vehicle maintenance and spare parts more expensive, further straining the financial viability of transport businesses. Government policies, including tax regulations and road usage fees, have also been a point of contention. Transporters argue that these policies have not adequately addressed the unique needs of the sector, leading to increased operational burdens. The PMMA, representing a significant portion of the country’s transporters, has been actively engaging with various stakeholders to seek relief and support for the industry. The association has previously called for policy reforms and financial assistance to help transporters cope with the economic challenges. Why It Matters The transportation sector is a critical component of Pakistan’s economy, facilitating the movement of goods and people across the country. Any disruptions in this sector can have cascading effects on other industries, including agriculture, manufacturing, and retail. Rising operational costs and unfavorable policies not only threaten the viability of transport businesses but also impact the broader supply chain. Higher transportation costs can lead to increased prices for goods and services, affecting consumers and businesses alike. The meeting between the PMMA delegation and the LCCI is significant as it underscores the need for collaborative efforts to address the challenges facing the transportation sector. By engaging with key stakeholders, transporters hope to influence policy changes that can provide relief and support sustainable growth. Moreover, the transportation sector’s health is closely tied to Pakistan’s economic stability. Ensuring that transporters can operate efficiently and cost-effectively is crucial for maintaining economic momentum and supporting national development goals. Key Takeaways The PMMA delegation met with LCCI President to discuss transporter challenges. Rising operational costs and government policies were key discussion points. LCCI President assured support and acknowledged the sector’s economic importance. The transportation sector’s health is vital for Pakistan’s overall economic stability. Collaborative efforts are needed to address the sector’s challenges effectively. Source Attribution This article is based on official government statements, press releases, and public communications from relevant authorities. Author: NEN Editorial Desk | Editor: NEN Newsroom | Fact Checked By: NEN Editorial Team Author: NEN Editorial Desk  |  Editor: NEN Newsroom  |  Last Updated: July 25, 2026  |  Source: Press Release from Government of Pakistan This article was produced by the NEN Editorial Desk in accordance with NEN Agency’s Editorial Policy and Fact-Checking Policy.

HYDERABAD — Ghulam Rasool Ahpan, the regional head of the federal Ombudsman secretariat, visited the Benazir Income Support Programme (BISP) registration center in Hyderabad on July 24 to assess the facility’s operations and address any challenges faced by the staff and beneficiaries. What Happened During his visit to the BISP registration center, Ghulam Rasool Ahpan engaged with both the staff and beneficiaries to understand the current operational dynamics and the issues encountered in the registration process. The visit aimed to ensure that the services provided by the BISP are efficient and accessible to the intended recipients. Ahpan emphasized the importance of transparency and accountability in the functioning of the registration centers to maintain public trust in the program. Ahpan noted, “The BISP plays a crucial role in supporting vulnerable segments of society, and it is imperative that the registration process is smooth and efficient to maximize its impact.” He interacted with several beneficiaries who shared their experiences and concerns regarding the registration process and the disbursement of funds. The visit also included a review of the technological systems in place at the center, with Ahpan highlighting the need for continuous upgrades to ensure the system’s reliability and security. He assured the staff that their feedback would be taken into consideration for future improvements and that any identified issues would be addressed promptly. Background The Benazir Income Support Programme, launched in 2008, is one of Pakistan’s largest social safety net initiatives aimed at providing financial assistance to low-income families. The program was established to mitigate the impact of inflation and economic challenges on the country’s most vulnerable populations. Over the years, BISP has expanded its reach and now serves millions of beneficiaries across Pakistan. The federal Ombudsman secretariat plays a vital role in overseeing and ensuring the accountability of various government programs, including BISP. It acts as a bridge between the government and the public to address grievances and improve service delivery. Why It Matters The visit by Ghulam Rasool Ahpan underscores the ongoing efforts to enhance the efficiency and transparency of government welfare programs in Pakistan. As the country faces economic challenges, the role of BISP becomes increasingly significant in providing a safety net for those in need. Ensuring that the registration centers operate effectively is crucial to maintaining the program’s integrity and public confidence. With rising inflation and economic instability, the demand for social assistance programs like BISP is likely to increase. The government’s commitment to improving these services reflects its recognition of the program’s importance in alleviating poverty and supporting economic stability. By addressing operational challenges and incorporating feedback from beneficiaries, the program can better serve its purpose and reach a larger segment of the population. Moreover, the federal Ombudsman’s involvement highlights the importance of oversight in public programs, ensuring that they are implemented fairly and efficiently. This visit serves as a reminder of the need for continuous evaluation and adaptation of social welfare initiatives to meet the evolving needs of the population. Key Takeaways Ghulam Rasool Ahpan, regional head of the federal Ombudsman secretariat, visited the BISP registration center in Hyderabad. The visit focused on assessing operational efficiency and addressing challenges faced by staff and beneficiaries. The Benazir Income Support Programme is a key social safety net initiative in Pakistan, aimed at assisting low-income families. Ensuring transparency and accountability in BISP operations is crucial for public trust and program effectiveness. The visit highlights the government’s commitment to improving social welfare services amid economic challenges. Source Attribution This article is based on official government statements, press releases, and public communications from relevant authorities. Author: NEN Editorial Desk | Editor: NEN Newsroom | Fact Checked By: NEN Editorial Team Author: NEN Editorial Desk  |  Editor: NEN Newsroom  |  Last Updated: July 25, 2026  |  Source: Press Release from Government of Pakistan This article was produced by the NEN Editorial Desk in accordance with NEN Agency’s Editorial Policy and Fact-Checking Policy.

LAHORE — The Pakistan Second-Hand Medical Equipment Importers Association has raised concerns regarding a recent policy notification by the Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP). The association is urging the regulatory body to reassess the policy, which impacts the import of refurbished medical equipment, suggesting that a comprehensive consultation with industry stakeholders is necessary. What Happened On July 24, the Pakistan Second-Hand Medical Equipment Importers Association publicly expressed its reservations about DRAP’s new policy, as outlined in notification No. 1-1/2026/DD-MDMC. This notification governs the importation of refurbished medical devices into Pakistan. The association argues that the policy was formulated without adequate input from those directly affected by it, namely, the importers and distributors of second-hand medical equipment. The association’s spokesperson stated, “We believe that the policy, as it stands, could significantly hinder the availability of affordable medical equipment in Pakistan, which is crucial for healthcare facilities operating on limited budgets.” The spokesperson emphasized the need for DRAP to engage in meaningful dialogue with stakeholders to ensure that the policy aligns with the realities of the market and the needs of the healthcare sector. The notification specifies certain conditions and standards that refurbished medical equipment must meet to be eligible for import. However, importers claim that these standards are not only stringent but also fail to consider the practical challenges faced by the industry. They argue that the policy could lead to increased costs and reduced access to necessary medical equipment, particularly in rural and underserved areas. Background The importation of second-hand medical equipment has been a critical aspect of Pakistan’s healthcare system, particularly for smaller clinics and hospitals that cannot afford new equipment. Historically, refurbished equipment has provided a cost-effective solution, allowing these facilities to offer a broader range of services. DRAP, established under the DRAP Act of 2012, is responsible for ensuring the quality and safety of drugs and medical devices in Pakistan. Over the years, the authority has implemented various policies aimed at regulating the import and distribution of medical equipment to ensure compliance with international standards. Previous policies have also faced criticism from industry stakeholders, who argue that overly stringent regulations can stifle innovation and accessibility. The current notification is seen as part of DRAP’s ongoing efforts to enhance regulatory oversight, albeit with unintended consequences for the industry. Why It Matters The implications of this policy are significant for Pakistan’s healthcare sector. Access to affordable medical equipment is crucial for improving healthcare outcomes, particularly in rural and low-income areas where resources are limited. By potentially restricting the import of refurbished equipment, the policy could exacerbate existing disparities in healthcare access. Economically, the policy could impact small and medium-sized enterprises involved in the import and distribution of medical equipment. These businesses play a vital role in the supply chain, and any disruption could lead to job losses and reduced economic activity. Moreover, the policy could have broader implications for Pakistan’s healthcare system, which is already under pressure due to population growth and increasing demand for services. Without affordable equipment, healthcare providers may struggle to expand their services, ultimately affecting patient care and outcomes. Internationally, the policy could affect Pakistan’s trade relations with countries that export refurbished medical equipment. It is essential for DRAP to balance regulatory oversight with the need to maintain open trade channels and ensure the availability of essential medical devices. Key Takeaways The Pakistan Second-Hand Medical Equipment Importers Association has urged DRAP to review its new import policy. The policy, as per notification No. 1-1/2026/DD-MDMC, affects the import of refurbished medical equipment. Importers argue that the policy could limit access to affordable medical devices, impacting healthcare services. DRAP aims to ensure quality and safety but faces criticism for potentially hindering market access. The policy’s economic and healthcare implications could affect both domestic and international stakeholders. Source Attribution This article is based on official government statements, press releases, and public communications from relevant authorities. Author: NEN Editorial Desk | Editor: NEN Newsroom | Fact Checked By: NEN Editorial Team Author: NEN Editorial Desk  |  Editor: NEN Newsroom  |  Last Updated: July 25, 2026  |  Source: NEN Reporter This article was produced by the NEN Editorial Desk in accordance with NEN Agency’s Editorial Policy and Fact-Checking Policy.